SÍNDROME PÓS-COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31011/reaid-2024-v.98-n.1-art.2129Palavras-chave:
Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 Aguda, Sinais e Sintomas, PrevalênciaResumo
Introdução: A síndrome pós-COVID-19 é definida como um conjunto de sintomas persistentes da doença aguda causada pelo vírus SARS-Cov-2 não atribuídas a outras causas. Essa condição clínica acomete uma parcela significativa da população com impacto na sua qualidade de vida e nos cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura sobre a síndrome pós-COVID-19, e descrever a sua prevalência e principais manifestações clínicas. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com inclusão de artigos de acesso via Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo publicados entre janeiro de 2022 a julho de 2023, com os descritores sendo post-COVID-19/pós-COVID-19; long-COVID-19/COVID-19 longa, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/sequelas pós-COVID-19 aguda, prevalence/prevalência, clinical manifestations/manifestações clínicas. Identificou-se 525 artigos dos quais 26 foram analisados e compuseram a amostra Resultados: A prevalência de síndrome pós-COVID-19 descrita na literatura variou de 10% a 93% e os estudos avaliaram os pacientes em períodos que compreenderem 1 mês até 12 meses após a infecção aguda. As manifestações clínicas no pós-COVID-19 podem envolver múltiplos órgão e afetar qualquer um dos sistemas orgânicos. Fadiga, dispneia e anosmia foram as alterações clínicas mais citadas na literatura. Conclusão: A prevalência de síndrome pós-COVID-19 é variável de acordo com a população em estudo, todavia, atinge uma parcela significativa dos infectados pelo vírus SARS-Cov-2. Diante da variedade de sintomas clínicos persistentes é essencial que o cuidado aos pacientes seja realizado por uma equipe multiprofissional em saúde. Os serviços de saúde devem estar capacitados para atuar diante desse problema de saúde mundial que se perpetua para o período pós-pandêmico.
Downloads
Referências
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Manual para avaliação e manejo de condições pós-COVID na atenção primária à saúde [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Maio 15] 1(6): 30-51. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/manual_avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_manejo_condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_covid.pdf
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2023 Maio 15]; 374(1648): 8. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34312178/
OMS [Internet]. Who.int. 2023 [citado 2023 Maio 15]. 2(1):2-10. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/pt/about
Gallegos M, Martino P, Tomás Caycho‐Rodríguez, Calandra M, Razumovskiy A, Lizandro W, et al. What is post-COVID-19 syndrome? Definition and update. Gaceta Medica De Mexico [Internet]. 2023. [citado 2023 Out 20];158(6): 442-6. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36657113/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M22000725
Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2023 Out 20] 324(6):603–3. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12603 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12603
Püntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, Fahim M, Arendt C, Hoffmann J, et al. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiology [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2023 Out 20]; 5(11):1265–5. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557
Werneck GL. The COVID-19 pandemic: challenges in assessing the impact of complex and multidimensional problems on the health of populations. Cadernos de Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Maio 15]; 38(5):045322. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/DrrWR5mgrY9hJ7td7FyyBCD/?lang=en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xpt045322
Nunes MC, Alves ON, Santana LC, Nunes LTD. Síndrome longa de COVID: uma revisão integrativa. RSD [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Maio 15];11(13):572111335990. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/35990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35990
Dantas HLL, Costa CRB, Costa LMC, Lúcio IML, Comassetto I. Como elaborar uma revisão integrativa: sistematização do método científico. Revista Recien [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Maio 15];12(37):334-45. Disponível em: https://recien.com.br/index.php/Recien/article/view/575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2022.12.37.334-345
Botelho LR, Cristiano CAC, Marcelo M. O método da revisão integrativa nos estudos organizacionais. Rev Gestão e Sociedade. [Internet]. 2011 [citado 2023 Maio 15] 5(11): 121-136. Disponível em: https://moodle.ufsc.br/pluginfile.php/4226295/mod_resource/content/1/BOTELHO%20CUNHA%20O%20metodo%20da%20revisao%20integrativa%20nos%20estudos%20organizacionais.pdf
Santos M, Galvão M. A elaboração da pergunta adequada de pesquisa. 2014 [citado 2023 Maio 15] 4(2):53–6. Disponível em: https://residenciapediatrica.com.br/detalhes/105/a-elaboracao-da-pergunta-adequada-de-pesquisa#:~:text=A%20estrat%C3%A9gia%20PICO%20(acr%C3%B4nimo%20para,e%20descreve%20a%20estrat%C3%A9gia%20PICO.
Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann T, Mulrow CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2023 Maio 15]; 372 (1): 160–0. Disponível em: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
Desgranges F, Tadini E, Munting A, Regina J, Paraskevas Filippidis, Viala B, et al. Post COVID 19 Syndrome in Outpatients: a Cohort Study. J General Internal Medicine [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Set 23]; 37(8):1943–52. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35319081/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07242-1
Subramanian A, Krishnarajah N, Hughes S, Myles P, Williams T, Gokhale K, et al. Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults. Nature Medicine [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Set 23];28(8):1706–14. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9388369/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w
Dębski M, Tsampasian V, Haney S, Blakely K, Weston S, Eleana Ntatsaki, et al. post-COVID-19 syndrome risk factors and further use of health services in East England. PLOS global public health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Set 23];2(11):e0001188–8. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10022108/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001188
Seeble J, Waterboer T, Hippchen T, Simon J, Kirchner M, Lim A, et al. Persistent Symptoms in Adult Patients 1 Year After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Prospective Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2021 Jul 5 [citado 2023 Ago 12];74(7):1191–8. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34223884/#:~:text=Results%3A%20At%20month%2012%2C%20only,%2C%20and%20sleeping%20(26.0%25). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab611
Garout M, Saleh, Adly HM, Altaf Abdulkhaliq, Khafagy AA, Abdeltawab MR, et al. Post‐COVID-19 syndrome: assessment of short- and long-term post-recovery symptoms in recovered cases in Saudi Arabia. Infection [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Ago 12];50(6):1431–9. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35294728/#:~:text=Common%20symptoms%20included%20fatigue%20189,long%2DCOVID%2D19%20symptoms. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-022-01788-w
Montenegro P, Moral I, Puy A, Cordero E, Chantada N, Cuixart L, et al. Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition in Primary Care: A Cross Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Ago 12];19(3):1836–6. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834857/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031836
Afroze F, Arafat SM, Ahmed C M, Alam B, Banu S, Islam M Z, et al. Features and risk factors of post-COVID-19 syndrome: findings from a longitudinal study in Bangladesh. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe [Internet]. 2023 Apr 1 [citado 2023 Ago 12]; 11:100134–4. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36575774/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100134
Tran VT, Porcher R, Pane I, Philippe Ravaud. Course of post COVID-19 disease symptoms over time in the ComPaRe long COVID prospective e-cohort. Nature Communications [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Ago 12];13(1): 136–6. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35383197/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29513-z
Miranda DAP, Gomes SVC, Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Almeida NBF, Silva RA, et al. Long COVID-19 syndrome: a 14-months longitudinal study during the two first epidemic peaks in Southeast Brazil. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. [Internet]. (2022). [citado 2023 Ago 12]; 116(11): 1007–1014. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trac030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trac030
González J, Zuil M, Benítez ID, Gonzalo‐Calvo D, Aguilar M, Santisteve S, et al. One Year Overview and Follow-Up in a Post-COVID Consultation of Critically Ill Patients. Frontiers in Medicine [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Ago 12];9 (1):897990. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35911414/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.897990
Talhari C, Criado PR, Silva IM, Ramos PM, Miot HA. Prevalence of and risk factors for post-COVID: Results from a survey of 6,958 patients from Brazil. PubMed [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2023 Ago 12];95(1): 20220143–3. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/aabc/a/FkXwqrXRTcxnmfYj6grHpyt/?lang=en
Förster C, Colombo MG, Wetzel AJ, Martus P, Joos S. Persisting symptoms after COVID-19. Deutsches Arzteblatt International [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20]; 119(10): 167–174. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35236547/#:~:text=The%20most%20frequently%20occurring%20long,%25%2C%20n%20%3D%20182).
Diem L, Anina Schwarzwald, Friedli C, Hammer H, Gomes‐Fregolente L, Warncke JD, et al. Multidimensional phenotyping of thepost‐COVID‐19 syndrome: A Swiss survey study. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20];28(12):1953–63. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35975339/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13938
Lapa J, Rosa D, Mendes JPL, Deusdará R, Romero GAS. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in a Brazilian Cohort after 3 and 6 Months of Hospital Discharge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2023 Jul 20];20(1):848–8. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9820092/#:~:text=(3)%20Results%3A%20The%20prevalence,%25)%20and%20fatigue%20(27%25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010848
Alradini FA, Fahad A, Muna A, Yasir A, Alsofayan YM, Khan A, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 condition in Saudi Arabia: A national representative study. Journal of Infection and Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20];15(5):526–32. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35429791/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2022.03.013
Alkwai HM, Khalifa AM, Ahmed AM, Alnajib AM, Alshammari KA, Alrashidi MM, et al. Persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond 3 months and the delayed return to the usual state of health in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Sage Open Medicine [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20];10(1):205031212211299-205031212211299. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36226231/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221129918
Nair CV, Sathyapalan DT, Moni M, Fabia Edathadathil, A Appukuttan, Preetha Prasanna, et al. Incidence and Characterization of Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors to Recognize Syndemic Connotations in India: Single-Center Prospective Observational Cohort Study. JMIR formative research [Internet]. 2023 Apr 18 [citado 2023 Jul 20];7(1):e40028–8. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36920842/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/40028
Richard SA, Pollett S, Fries AC, Berjohn CM, Maves RC, Lalani T, et al. Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms at 6 Months After Onset and the Role of Vaccination Before or After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA network open [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2023 Jul 20;];6(1):e2251360–0. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652247/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51360
Hua MJ, Gonakoti S, Shariff R, Corpuz C, Acosta RAH, Chang H. Asemota I, Gobbi E, Rezai K. Prevalence and Characteristics of Long COVID 7-12 Months After Hospitalization Among Patients From an Urban Safety-Net Hospital: A Pilot Study. AJPM focus, [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2023 Jul 20];2(3):100091. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focus.2023.100091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focus.2023.100091
Ho FF, Xu S, Hong M, Li ASC, Ha EH, Hu H, et al. Prevalence, Patterns, and Clinical Severity of Long COVID among Chinese Medicine Telemedicine Service Users: Preliminary Results from a Cross-Sectional Study. International J Environmental Resd Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2023 Jul 20];20(3):1827–7. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36767195/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031827
Giszas B, Trommer S, Nane Schüßler, Rodewald A, Besteher B, Bleidorn J, et al. Post-COVID-19 condition is not only a question of persistent symptoms: structured screening including health-related quality of life reveals two separate clusters of post-COVID. Infection [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20];51(2):365–77. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35869353/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-022-01886-9
Wan KS, Sundram, ER, Abdul Haddi AA, Dashuki AR, Ahad A, John R, et al. Long COVID active case detection initiative among COVID-19 patients in Port Dickson, Malaysia: a retrospective study on the positive outcomes, the proportion of patients with long COVID and its associated factors. PeerJ [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2023 Jul 20];11(1):14742–2. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10007971/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14742
Meza-Torres B, Gayathri Delanerolle, Okusi C, Mayor N, Anand S, Macartney J, et al. Differences in Clinical Presentation With Long COVID After Community and Hospital Infection and Associations With All-Cause Mortality: English Sentinel Network Database Study. JMIR public health and surveillance [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20];8(8):e37668–8. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35605170/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/37668
Spinicci M, Graziani L, Tilli M, Jerusalem Nkurunziza, Iacopo Vellere, Borchi B, et al. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Variants Is Associated with Different Long COVID Phenotypes. Viruses [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Jul 20];14(11):2367–7. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36366465/#:~:text=SARS%2DCoV%2D2%20variants%20may,predictors%3B%20risk%20factors%3B%20variant.
Emecen AN, Keskin S, Turunc O, Suner AF, Siyve N, Basoglu Sensoy E, et al. The presence of symptoms within 6 months after COVID-19: a single-center longitudinal study. Irish Journal of Medical Science. [Internet]. 2022 Jun 17 [citado 2023 Out 12];192(2):741–50. Disponível em: from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35715663/#:~:text=Symptom%20frequency%20was%2037.2%25%2C%2021.8,symptoms%20in%20all%20time%20frames. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03072-0
Larijani SM, Ashrafian F, Amiri F, Banifazl M, Bavand A, Karami A, et al. Characterization of long COVID-19 manifestations and its associated factors: A prospective cohort study from Iran. Microbial Pathogenesis [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2023 Out 12];169(1):105618–8. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9176176/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105618
Artal FJC. Síndrome post-COVID-19: epidemiología, criterios diagnósticos y mecanismos patogénicos implicados. Revista de Neurología, [Internet.] 2021 [citado 2023 Out 12] 72 (11):384-396. Disponível em: https://neurologia.com/articulo/2021230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.7211.2021230
Pasini E, Corsetti G, Romano C, Scarabelli TM, Chen‐Scarabelli C, Saravolatz L, et al. Serum Metabolic Profile in Patients With Long-Covid (PASC) Syndrome: Clinical Implications. Frontiers in Medicine [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2023 Out 12]; 8(1): 8:714426. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34368201/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.714426
COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [citado em outubro de 2023]. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33555768/
Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, Landini MP, Fini M. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data. Frontiers in Medicine [Internet]. [citado 2023 Out 12]; 8(1):653516. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34017846/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.653516
Guedj E, Campion JY, Dudouet P, Kaphan E, Bregeon F, Tissot-Dupont H, Guis S, et al. 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in patients with long COVID. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging [Internet]. 2021 [citado 2023 Out 12];48(9):2823–33. Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00259-021-05215-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05215-4
Gouvea ALV, Souza CD, Stroher C, Oliveira LF, Martirs CL. Síndrome pós-covid-19: principais afecções e impactos na sociedade em foco. Anais Colóquio Estadual de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar & Congresso Nacional de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar. [Internet] 2021 [citado 2023 Set 12] 1(1): 1-6. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.unifimes.edu.br/index.php/coloquio/article/view/1011
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
