ANÁLISE DOS COEFICIENTES DE MORTALIDADE DE COVID-19 EM GESTANTES NO BRASIL: Análise da fase crítica da pandemia

Bianca Chel; Rodrigo  Neves Cano; Silvia Carla  da Silva André Uehara

doi:10.31011/reaid-2025-v.99-n.supl.1-art.2491

Autores

Bianca Chel Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-0884
Rodrigo Neves Cano Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5570-8279
Silvia Carla da Silva André Uehara Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-5025

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31011/reaid-2025-v.99-n.supl.1-art.2491

Palavras-chave:

COVID-19, Epidemiologia, Gravidez, Mortalidade

Resumo

Introdução: a pandemia da COVID-19 elevou a mortalidade materna, destacando vulnerabilidades e desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: analisar a tendência do coeficiente de mortalidade por Covid-19 em gestantes no Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico, considerando casos da COVID-19 em gestantes no Brasil durante o período de 2020 a 2023. Os dados foram coletados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e da plataforma Opendatasus, analisados por meio do modelo de regressão com distribuição de Poisson. Resultados: Foram analisados 392 óbitos de gestantes por Covid-19, sendo 41,6% registrados na região Sudeste, a idade materna média foi de 30,8 anos e 54,5% eram pardas. Destaca-se, que a região Norte apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade no ano de 2021, sendo superior à taxa nacional. Conclusão: Em vista da COVID-19 ter se tornado uma doença endêmica e considerando as gestantes como grupo de risco, reitera-se a necessidade de monitoramento dos casos, bem como, a implementação de ações que fortaleça a adesão à vacinação a esse grupo populacional.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization. Epidemiological Update: COVID-19 in pregnant women. 2020, Washington, D.C.: PAHO/WHO; 2020. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52613

Levitus M, Shainker SA, Colvin M. COVID-19 in the Critically Ill Pregnant Patient. Crit Care Clin. 2022;38(3):521-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2022.01.003

Wenling Y, Junchao Q, Xiao Z, Ouyang S. Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges. Rev Inst Med trop S Paulo. 2020;62:e62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202062062

Wastnedge EAN, Reynolds RM, Boeckel SR, Stock SJ, Denison FC, Maybin JA et al. Pregnancy and COVID-19. Physiol Rev. 2021;101(1):303-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00024.2020

Siqueira TS, de Souza EKG, Martins-Filho PR, Silva JRS, Gurgel RQ, Cuevas LE, Santos VS. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for maternal deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J Travel Med. 2022;31;29(3):taab199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taab199

Guimarães RM, Reis LGC, Gomes MASM, Magluta C, Freitas CM, Portela MC. Tracking excess of maternal deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil: a nationwide analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;(22). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05338-y

Gajbhiye RK, Sawant MS, Kuppusamy P, Surve S, Pasi A, Prusty RK et al. Differential impact of COVID-19 in pregnant women from high-income countries and low- to middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2021;155:48–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13793

Knight M, Bunch K, Vousden N, Morris E, Simpson N, Gale C et al. Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: National population-based cohort study. BMJ. 2021;369:m2107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2107

Xavier MO, Amouzou A, Maïga A, Akseer N, Huicho L, Matijasevich A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in stillbirths, under-5 and maternal mortality in Brazil: Excess deaths and regional inequalities. J Glob Health. 2023;30;13:06040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7189%2Fjogh.13.06040

Siqueira TS, Silva JRS, Souza M do R, Leite DCF, Edwards T, Martins-Filho PR, et al. Spatial clusters, social determinants of health and risk of maternal mortality by COVID-19 in Brazil: a national population based ecological study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2021;3:100076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100076

Pazos JVG, Castro JO, Moyses RPC, Lopes FNB, Ferreira BO. Evolution of maternal mortality and impact of COVID-19 in the Northern Region of Brazil: an analysis from 2012 to 2021. Saud Pesq. 2023;16(2):e-11707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2023v16n2.e11707

Oliveira IVG, Maranhão TA, Frota MMC, Araujo TKA, Torres SRF, Rocha MIF, et al. Mortalidade materna no Brasil: análise de tendências temporais e agrupamentos espaciais. Ciênc saúde coletiva. 2024;(10):e05012023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320242910.05012023

Jesus LM, Silva RS, Barros FD. Investigação espaço-temporal relacionada à mortalidade materna no Brasil. Cad Grad Cienc Biol Saude 2022;7(2):33. https://periodicos.set.edu.br/cadernobiologicas/article/view/10774

Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. Regression Analysis of Count Data. 2nd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013567

Tormen M, Taliento C, Salvioli S, Piccolotti I, Scutiero G, Cappadona R, Greco P. Effectiveness and safety of COVID ‐19 vaccine in pregnant women: a systematic review with meta‐analysis. BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2023;130(4):348–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17354

Maza-Arnedo F, Paternina-Caicedo A, Sosa CG, Mucio B, Rojas-Suarez J, Diz L, et al. Maternal mortality linked to COVID-19 in Latin America: Results from a multi-country collaborative database of 447 deaths. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;(12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100269

Oliveira MXC, Gil FR, Rocha KSC, Amanico NFG. The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic for pregnant women. Braz. J. Health Rev. 2023;6(1):2435-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n1-190

Goes EF, Ramos DD, Ferreira AJF. Desigualdades raciais em saúde e a pandemia da Covid-19. TES. 2020;18(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-7746-sol00278

Freitas RRA, Beckedorff OA, Cavalcanti LPG, Siqueira AM, Castro AB, Costa CF, Lemos DRQ. The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant P.1 in Amazonas (Brazil) was temporally associated with a change in the age and sex profile of COVID-19 mortality: A population based ecological study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2021;(1):100021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.100021

Egloff C, Roques P, Picone O. Impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women's health: Consequences in obstetrics two years after the pandemic. J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 158:103981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2023.103981

Kim Jeong-Min, Rhee Jee Eun, Yoo Myeongsu, Kim Heui Man, Lee Nam-Joo, Woo Sang Hee, Jo Hye-Jun, et al. Increase in viral load in patients with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant infection in the Republic of Korea. Front. Microbiol. 2022;13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.819745

Francisco RPV, Lacerda L, Rodrigues AS. Obstetric Observatory BRAZIL - COVID-19: 1031 maternal deaths because of COVID-19 and the unequal access to health care services. Clinics. 2021;28(76):e3120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3120

Dantas MNP, Souza DLB, Souza AMG, Aiquoc KM, Souza TA, Barbosa IR. Fatores associados ao acesso precário aos serviços de saúde no Brasil. Rev bras epidemiol. 2020;24:1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210004

Maciel E, Fernandez M, Calife K, Garret D, Domingues C, Kerr L, et al. A campanha de vacinação contra o SARS-CoV-2 no Brasil e a invisibilidade das evidências científicas. Ciênc saúde coletiva. 2022;27(3):951-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022273.21822021

Kim YK, Kim EH. Pregnancy and COVID-19: past, present and future. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2023;66(3):149-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.23001

Vasconcelos PP, Lacerda ACT, Pontes CM, Guedes TG, Leal LP, Oliveira SC. Factors associated with adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2024;32:e4155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6896.4155

Vasconcelos PP, Lacerda ACT, Pontes CM, Guedes TG, Leal LP, Oliveira SC. Adesão de gestantes à vacinação no contexto de pandemias: revisão integrativa. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2023;32:e20220117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0117pt

Quiles R, Deckers Leme M, Denise Swei Lo, Elias Gilio A. A study of acceptance and hesitation factors towards tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza vaccines during pregnancy. Vaccine X. 2023; 7;14:100351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100351

Razzaghi H, Meghani M, Pingali C, Crane B, Naleway A, Weintraub E, Kenigsberg TA, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women During Pregnancy - Eight Integrated Health Care Organizations. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;18:70(24):895-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7024e2